8,948 research outputs found
A Model of Market Limit Orders By Stochastic PDE's, Parameter Estimation, and Investment Optimization
In this paper we introduce a completely continuous and time-variate model of
the evolution of market limit orders based on the existence, uniqueness, and
regularity of the solutions to a type of stochastic partial differential
equations obtained in Zheng and Sowers (2012). In contrary to several models
proposed and researched in literature, this model provides complete continuity
in both time and price inherited from the stochastic PDE, and thus is
particularly suitable for the cases where transactions happen in an extremely
fast pace, such as those delivered by high frequency traders (HFT's).
We first elaborate the precise definition of the model with its associated
parameters, and show its existence and uniqueness from the related mathematical
results given a fixed set of parameters. Then we statistically derive parameter
estimation schemes of the model using maximum likelihood and least
mean-square-errors estimation methods under certain criteria such as AIC to
accommodate to variant number of parameters . Finally as a typical economics
and finance use case of the model we settle the investment optimization problem
in both static and dynamic sense by analysing the stochastic (It\^{o})
evolution of the utility function of an investor or trader who takes the model
and its parameters as exogenous. Two theorems are proved which provide criteria
for determining the best (limit) price and time point to make the transaction
Distributionally Robust Optimization for Sequential Decision Making
The distributionally robust Markov Decision Process (MDP) approach asks for a
distributionally robust policy that achieves the maximal expected total reward
under the most adversarial distribution of uncertain parameters. In this paper,
we study distributionally robust MDPs where ambiguity sets for the uncertain
parameters are of a format that can easily incorporate in its description the
uncertainty's generalized moment as well as statistical distance information.
In this way, we generalize existing works on distributionally robust MDP with
generalized-moment-based and statistical-distance-based ambiguity sets to
incorporate information from the former class such as moments and dispersions
to the latter class that critically depends on empirical observations of the
uncertain parameters. We show that, under this format of ambiguity sets, the
resulting distributionally robust MDP remains tractable under mild technical
conditions. To be more specific, a distributionally robust policy can be
constructed by solving a sequence of one-stage convex optimization subproblems
Magnetically Regulated Star Formation in Turbulent Clouds
We investigate numerically the combined effects of supersonic turbulence,
strong magnetic fields and ambipolar diffusion on cloud evolution leading to
star formation. We find that, in clouds that are initially magnetically
subcritical, supersonic turbulence can speed up star formation, through
enhanced ambipolar diffusion in shocks. The speedup overcomes a major objection
to the standard scenario of low-mass star formation involving ambipolar
diffusion, since the diffusion time scale at the average density of a molecular
cloud is typically longer than the cloud life time. At the same time, the
strong magnetic field can prevent the large-scale supersonic turbulence from
converting most of the cloud mass into stars in one (short) turbulence crossing
time, and thus alleviate the high efficiency problem associated with the
turbulence-controlled picture for low-mass star formation. We propose that
relatively rapid but inefficient star formation results from supersonic
collisions of somewhat subcritical gas in strongly magnetized, turbulent
clouds. The salient features of this shock-accelerated, ambipolar
diffusion-regulated scenario are demonstrated with numerical experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Constraints on primordial black holes and primeval density perturbations from the epoch of reionization
We investigate the constraint on the abundance of primordial black holes
(PBHs) and the spectral index of primeval density perturbations given by
the ionizing photon background at the epoch of reionization. Within the
standard inflationary cosmogony, we show that the spectral index of the
power-law power spectrum of primeval density perturbations should be 1.27.
Since the universe is still optical thick at the reionization redshift - 8, this constraint is independent of the unknown parameter of reheating
temperature of the inflation. The ionizing photon background from the PBHs can
be well approximated by a power law spectrum , which is
greatly different from those given by models of massive stars and quasars.Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figues, to be published in ApJ Letter
Magnetic field twist driven by remote convective motions: Characteristics and twist rates
It is generally believed that convective motions below the solar photosphere induce a twist in the coronal magnetic field as a result of frozen-in physics. A question of interest is how much twist can one expect from a persistent convective motion, given the fact that dissipative effects will eventually figure. This question is examined by considering a model problem: two conducting plates, with finite resistivity, are set in sheared motion and forced at constant relative speed. A resistive plasma is between the plates and an initially vertical magnetic field connects the plates. The time rate of tilt experienced by the field is obtained as a function of Hartmann number and the resistivity ratio. Both analytical and numerical approaches are considered
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